Barriers To Voter Participation

Martha, a 75-year-old citizen, wants to register to vote but lacks transportation to the local election office and does not have a computer to register online.

Timothy recently learned he must attend an out-of-state work conference on Election Day. Because of the short notice, he was unable to request an absentee ballot.

Janice is scheduled to work on Election Day. Her employer does not provide paid time off to vote, and she cannot afford to lose wages.

All of the individuals described above are experiencing _____.