Brown Versus Board Of Education Subsequent Rulings

Schools resisted the requirement that districts with a history of racial discrimination submit their curricula and educational materials to state governments for approval.

Schools continually reverted to state lower-court rulings that upheld segregation, effectively ignoring the Supreme Court's mandate.

Schools ignored the Supreme Court's initial ruling and established charter schools designed to favor white students.

Schools lacked the political authority to redistrict and required legislative intervention to redraw school and voting districts, which some state legislatures refused to provide.

Schools argued they lacked the funding and time to desegregate immediately, and they subsequently established open enrollment systems that perpetuated segregation.